ࡱ> { ~sbjbjBrBr 7  Wk&XXXXXlll8Tl op "...   nnnnnnn$p|snX(  ((nXX..n444(X.X.n4(n44jgin. +p#k2nn0 oUkJtC,JtdnJtXn|  P4c!t$"   nn1    o((((Jt          : Department Of Health Administration & Human Resources University of Scranton HAD 506 HEALTH CARE ECONOMICS & POLICY (3 credits) Spring 2012 Thursday: 4:30-7:10 McGurrin 402 & 7:20-10:00 McGurrin 202 Instructor: Michael M. Costello, JD, MBA Office Phone: (570) 340-2021 Home Phone: (570) 344-2785 Email: costellom2@scranton.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION This required graduate course focuses on the theoretical foundations of economics and public policy and applies them to the health care sector. The course examines provider behavior, production, costs, supply, market structure, competition, access, demand, insurance, expenditure, utilization, health care reform and the health care public policy-making process including policy formation, implementation and modification. Particular attention is paid to linking economic theory to interpretations of health policy issues. Pre-requisites are: HAD519, or permission of the instructor. COURSE OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: Understand the fundamental principles, generalizations and theories of health care economics; Understand the fundamental principles, generalizations and theories of health care policy; Apply economics and policy to improve rational thinking, problem-solving and decision-making for health care issues; Develop skills, competencies and viewpoints needed by health services administrators; Analyze how and why health care policy is formulated, implemented, and modified (based on outcomes); Relate the relevance of economics to public policy; Understand the methodology and evaluation of various health programs and policies through the use of cost effectiveness and cost benefit analysis; Identify and explain how to participate in the policy-making process; Improve writing, speaking, listening and discussion skills. COMPETENCY EVALUATION HLA Competency Model Domain #1: Communication and Relationship Management Competency A. Apply principles of communication and demonstrate specific applications B. Present results of data analysis to decision makers C. Use factual data to produce and deliver credible and understandable results D. Facilitate group dynamics, process, meetings, and discussion E. Utilize effective interpersonal skills Domain #2: Leadership Competency A. Explain potential impacts and consequences of decision making in situations both internal and external B. Encourage a high level of commitment to the mission, and values of the organization C. Gain physician buy-in to accept risk and support new business ventures D. Accurately assess individual strengths and weaknesses Domain # 3: Professionalism Competency A. Understand professional standards and codes of ethical behavior B. Uphold and act upon ethical and professional standards C. Demonstrate professional norms and behaviors D. Engage in continued professional development including reflection and self-directed learning Domain # 4: Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment Competency A. Assess the interrelationships among access, quality, cost, resource allocation, accountability, and community B. Prepare projects that are credible to government, regulatory, professional and accreditation agencies C. Use marketing and needs assessment techniques in support of healthcare program development and implementation D. Apply principles and methods of health policy analysis Domain # 5: Business Skills and Knowledge Competency A. Integrate information from various sources to make decisions and recommendations B. Demonstrate critical thinking, analysis, and problem solving C. Apply basic financial management and analysis principles D. Apply reimbursement principles, ramifications and techniques including rate setting and contracts E. Apply principles of operating, project, and capital budgeting F. Use project management techniques G. Use statistical and analytic tools to measure and improve performance HAD 506 Course Specific Competencies D1 ABC D2 ACD D3 AC D4 ABCD D5 ABCDEFG Teaching Methods and Evaluation Class Attendance & Participation D1-ABCE D2-ACD D3-BC D4-ABCD D5-ABCDEFG WI-14 LI-3 CDI-5 ADI-14 Reaction Critiques D1-ABCDE D2-AD D3-ABCD D4-ABD D5-ABG W4,9 LI-9 CDI-5 AD 13-15 Mid-Term & Final Examination D1-AC D2-AD D3-CD D4-AD D5-ABC W6-15 L1-9 CD2-5 AD 13-15 Reading Assignments D1-ABC D2-AB D3-ABD D4-AD D5-AD WI-14 LI-9 CDI-5 AD11-15 Oral Presentation D1-ABCDE D2-AB D3-ABCD D4-ABD D5-AB W13-14 LI-9 CD 3-5 AD 12-15 Health Policy Analysis Project D1-ABCE D2- ABC D3- ABCD D4- ABCD D5- ABCDEFG W13-14 LI-9 CDI-5 AD1-15 LEGEND D = Domain L = Learning Objective A-G = Competency CD = Cognitive Domain W = Week AD = Affective Domain Academic Integrity: Students must familiarize themselves with the requirements of academic integrity and assure that all coursework meets those requirements. Students should have completed the Academic Integrity Tutorial prior to beginning the course. At a minimum, students should consult Academic Integrity at the University of Scranton at  HYPERLINK "http://www.scranton.edu/academics/wml/acad-integ" www.scranton.edu/academics/wml/acad-integ and should read related pages. Failure to comply with the principles of academic integrity will result in a lowering of the students final course grade. Behavioral Expectations: TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS This course uses reading, lecture, discussion, group activity, student participation, exercise, handout, project, students presentation, tests, faculty research, and faculty service as methods to enable students to achieve the course objectives. Other learning activities and methods may also be used. READING Required Feldstein, PJ. Health Policy Issues: An Economic Perspective. (5th Edition). Health Admin. Press, 2011. 2. Lee, RH. Economics for Healthcare Managers. (2nd Edition). Health Administration Press. 2009 Expected 1. Current events and news related to the US health care system, health economics, and health policy 2. Health care economics and policy websites (e.g., http://www.state.pa.us;  HYPERLINK http://www.legis.state.pa.us http://www.legis.state.pa.us, etc.) Other reading may be assigned during the semester. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND GRADING Class Attendance/Participation 10 Points Reaction-Critique (10 pts. each) 20 Points Midterm Examination 20 Points Health Care Policy Oral Briefing 10 Points Written Policy Analysis 20 Points Final Examination 20 Points Total 100 Points Students are responsible for: completing all reading assignments prior to scheduled classes attending (on time) and actively contributing to all classes getting all material presented and announcements made during any class completing all course assignments and activities as scheduled talking with the instructor regarding questions or concerns about assignments, grades, class activities or other aspects of the course reading and following university policies on attendance, plagiarism, and other matters. notifying the instructor of any need to accommodate disabilities, per university policies in this area. Attendance Policy The instructor assumes that students will make every effort to attend class promptly and regularly. Excused absences are for twice as many times as the class meets per week (i.e., no more than two excused absences, with notice to the instructor). If you have a work-related or personal situation that will result in problems complying with this attendance policy, it is your responsibility to inform the instructor as soon as possible. Description of Assignments For each of the Feldstein text assigned readings, you should be prepared to answer the discussion questions at the end of the assigned chapters. Midterm and Final Examinations are given as take home or in-class exams and consist of short answer, and essay questions. Take-home exams are to be completed independently by each student without discussing it with anyone unless instructed otherwise. The reaction-critique is explained in Appendix A to this syllabus. Each must be submitted by the date noted on the syllabus. The articles selected for the reaction-critiques should address the policy issue which the student has selected for the written analysis. Health Policy Analysis Project The major course project is the research and analysis of a major federal or state health policy issue. Students may work individually or in two person teams. The project requires a written analysis (10 pages minimum) of a major federal or state health policy question along with a 20 minute oral presentation to the class on the selected issue. Each student must take a position on the policy question pro or con (yes or no) and substantiate their position through research cited in the paper. If two students choose to work together each must take a different position on the same policy question, and each must produce their own written analysis and give their own oral presentation. The oral and written portions will be graded separately according to the following weighted criteria: (20 points) a. Statement of the policy question. (20 points) b. Clarity of students position on the question. (20 points) c. Relevance of the question to federal or state health policy (Why is it important). (20 points) d. Economic analysis of the students position. (20 points) e. Significance of research cited. Each student will submit a one-page summary of the selected issue by the third class period. The one-page summary merely identifies the issue for the instructor and does not have to state the students position on the issue. By the eighth class period, each student will submit a bibliography for the written paper. Oral presentations will be given during the final two class periods and the completed paper will be submitted during the final class period. Grading scale: 100-95 = A 94-92 = A- 91-89 = B+ 88-86 = B 85-83 = B- 82-80 = C+ 79-74 = C Below 74 = F Students with Disabilities In order to receive appropriate accommodations, students with disabilities must register with the Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence and provide relevant and current medical documentation. Students should contact Mary Ellen Pichiarello (Extension 4039) or Jim Muniz (Extension 4218), 5th floor, St. Thomas Hall, for an appointment. For more information, see  HYPERLINK "https://by2prd0310.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=wxF0NvQBaUKx3qfBNJkoTRYKBx5brc4I0y9dPUn7za6tqzRn__mfgBNJf9IVVZactjIhJUzFKQg.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.scranton.edu%2fdisabilities" \t "_blank" http://www.scranton.edu/disabilities. Writing Center Services The Writing Center focuses on helping students become better writers. Consultants will work one-on-one with students to discuss students work and provide feedback at any stage of the writing process. Scheduling appointments early in the writing progress is encouraged. To meet with a writing consultant, stop by during the Writing Centers  HYPERLINK "https://by2prd0310.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=wxF0NvQBaUKx3qfBNJkoTRYKBx5brc4I0y9dPUn7za6tqzRn__mfgBNJf9IVVZactjIhJUzFKQg.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fmatrix.scranton.edu%2facademics%2fctle%2fwriting%2fhours.shtml" \t "_blank" regular hours of operation, call (570) 941-6147 to schedule an appointment, or complete the  HYPERLINK "https://by2prd0310.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=wxF0NvQBaUKx3qfBNJkoTRYKBx5brc4I0y9dPUn7za6tqzRn__mfgBNJf9IVVZactjIhJUzFKQg.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fmatrix.scranton.edu%2facademics%2fctle%2fwriting%2fonline-request-form.shtml" \t "_blank" Writing Assistance Request Form online. You can also schedule an online appointment using  HYPERLINK "https://by2prd0310.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=wxF0NvQBaUKx3qfBNJkoTRYKBx5brc4I0y9dPUn7za6tqzRn__mfgBNJf9IVVZactjIhJUzFKQg.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fmatrix.scranton.edu%2facademics%2fctle%2fwriting%2fGOOGLE.PDF" \t "_blank" Google Docs and Google Talk. COURSE OUTLINE Date Topic February 2, 2012 Introduction to HAD 506 Economics and Policy Video: Rising Healthcare Costs Focus on: Overview of economics as a social science, the application to the healthcare sector. The role of economics in the formulation of public policy in general and health policy significantly. Readings: Lee Chapter 1 February 9, 2012 Overview of healthcare economics Videoconference Lecture: The difference in health economics by Dr. Robert Friedland, Georgetown University, Videoconference, 5:00 PM, Location: TBA Video: The Medical Industrial Complex from Money-Driven Medicine Readings: Lee Chapter 1 Feldstein Chapters 1 and 2 Focus on: Health care economics as a field of study: issues and approaches February 16, 2012 Healthcare Macroeconomics and Microeconomics Readings: Lee Chapters 6, 7, 9 and 13 Feldstein Chapters 3 and 17 Focus on: Macro and microeconomic theory in health care: concepts and principles. Cost-Benefit, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis Project Proposals Due February 23, 2012 Government and Policymaking Video: Uninsured Americans Readings: Lee Chapters 15 and 16 Feldstein Chapters 8, 9 and 30 Focus on: The role of government in market economies. The policymaking process. Reaction-Critique #1 Due March 2, 2012 Healthcare Labor Markets: Physicians, Nurses and Other Professionals. Video: Foreign Country Doctors and Nurses Denied Training Readings: Feldstein Chapters 11, 12, 23 and 24 Focus on: The functioning of the labor market for health care professionals. Date Topic March 9, 2012 Mid Term Exam March 23, 2012 Pricing, costs and profits Readings: Lee Chapters 5, 10 and 11 Focus on: The interrelationship of Price, Costs and Profit March 30, 2012 Private Healthcare Insurance Readings: Lee Chapters 3, 4 and 12 Feldstein- Chapters 6, 7 and 19 Focus on: The system of private health insurance and the role of managed care. April 13, 2012 Market Structure and Analysis Readings: Lee Chapter 17 Feldstein Chapters 15 and 20 Focus on: How markets are organized and how they function Reaction-Critique #2 Due April 20, 2012 The High Cost of Pharmaceuticals Video: Pricing Drugs Readings: Feldstein Chapters 25,26, 27 and 28 Focus on: The pharmaceutical industry: why drug prices keep increasing. Bibliography Due April 27, 2012 Malpractice Insurance Focus on: The cyclicality of the professional liability insurance markets. The problems of availability and affordability. Healthcare Reform and International Comparisons Readings: Feldstein Chapters 13,36 and Appendix Focus on: The healthcare reform initiative: issues and proposed solutions. Lessons to be learned from other national systems. May 4, 2012 Student Presentations May 11, 2012 Student Presentations Written Policy Analyses Due BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Aaron, Henry J., 1991, Serious and Unstable Conditions: Financing Americas Health Care. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. Cuyler, S.J. and Newhouse, J.P., 2000, Handbook of Health Economics. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier North Hollard. Volumes 1A and 1B. Donaldson, Cam et al., 2002, Evidence-Based Health Economics, First Edition, BMJ Publishing Group. Eastaugh, Steven R., 1992, Health Economics: Efficiency, Quality, and Equity. Westport, Conn.: Auburn House. Eastaugh, Steven R., 2004, Health Care Finance and Economics, First Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Feldstein, Paul J., 2001, Health Care Economics, 5th Edition, Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. Feldstein, Paul J., 2003, Health Policy Issues, 3rd Edition, Ann Arbor, Mich: AUPHA Press/Health Administration Press. Folland, Sherman et al., 2004, The Economics of Health and Health Care, Fourth Edition. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fuchs, Victor R., 1993, The Future of Health Policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Getzen, Thomas E., 2003, Health Economics: Fundamentals and Flow of Funds. 2nd Edition, Wiley Text Books. Gray, Bradford H., 1991, The Profit Motive and Patient Care: The Changing Accountability of Doctors and Hospitals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Greenberg, Warren, 1991, Competition Regulation and Rationing in Health Care. Ann Arbor, Mich: Health Administration Press. Heilbronner, R. & Thurow, L., 1994, Economics Explained. New York, NY: Touchstone. Heilbroner, Robert L., 1999, The Worldly Philosophers. Revised 7th Edition, Simon and Schuster. Henderson, J., 2001, Health Economics and Policy. South-Western Publishing Co. Heshmet, S., 2001, An Overview of Managerial Economics in the Health System. Delmar Learning. Jacobs, Philip & Rapoport, John, 2002, The Economics of Health and Medical Care. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc. Leyerle, Betty, 1994, The Private Regulation of American Health Care. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. McGuigan, J. & Moyer, R., 1993, Managerial Economics. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. McKenzie, Nancy F., 1994, Beyond Crisis: Confronting Health Care in the United States. New York, NY: Meridian. Penner, Susan J., 2004, Introduction to Health Care Economics and Financial Management, 1st Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Raffel, Marshall W. & Raffel, N.K., 1994, The U.S. Health System: Origins and Functions, 4th Edition, Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. Shim, J. & Siegel, J., 1995, Dictionary of Economics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The NFIB Foundation, 1991, Rescuing American Health Care: Market Rxs. Washington, DC: The Foundation. Articles Ashraf, Haroon, WHO Assembles Leading Economists to Study Poverty Reduction and Health, Lancet, 2000 Jan.; 355 (9201). Bader, B.S., and Matheny, M., Understanding Capitation and At-risk Contracting. Health Systems Lead, 1994 Mar; 1(1): 4-16. Bailey, P.G., Reform Proposals Aim at a Health-Care System That No Longer Exists. Health Management Quarterly, 1994 2nd Quarter; 16(2): 3-6. Barer, M.L., Evans, R.G., Holt, M. & Morrison, J.I., It Aint Necessarily So: The Cost Implications of health Care Reform. Health Affairs, 1994 Fall; 13(4): 88-99. Bishop, Christine E., Health Cost Containment, Public Health Reports, 1998 May/June; 113(3) 204-214. Blendon, R.J., Schoen, C. et al. Confronting competing demands to improve quality: A Five country hospital survey. Health Affairs, May/June 2004, 23(3): 119-135. Brown, L.D., Who Shall Pay? Politics, Money and Health Care Reform. Health Affairs, 1994 Spring (II); 13(2): 175-84. Chen, G.J. & Feldman, S.R., Economic Aspect of Health Care Systems. Dermatologic Clinics, April 2000; 18(2): 211-4. Conklin, M., Integrated Systems Will Score With Early Capitation Strategy. Health Care Strategic Management, 1994 Sept.; 12(9): 19-23. Danis, M. & Sepinwal, A., Regulating the Global Markeplace for the Sake of Health. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30(2002): 667-676. Dudley, RA, et Alice McDonnell, Dr.P.H. The Impact of Financial Incentives on Quality of Health Care, Milbank Quarterly, 1998, 76(4): 649-861. Edwards, R.T. Paradigms and Research Programmes: Is It Time to Move From Health Care Economics to Health Economics? Health Economics, October 2001; 10(7): 635-49. Fayers, P.M., Hand, D.J., Generalisation From Phase III clinical Trials: Survival, Quality of Life, and Health Economics, Lancet, 1997 Oct.; 350 (9083): 1025-1027. Fuchs, VR. Ethics and Economics: Antagonists or Allies in Making Health Policy? Western Journal of Medicine, March 1998, 168(3): 213-6. Ginzberg, E. & Minogiannis, P., Medical Care in the US Who is Paying For It? Journal of Medical Practice Management, March-April 2000; 15(5): 223-4. Glied, S.A. et al., What every public finance economists needs to know about health economics, National Tax Journal, Dec. 2002; 55(4). Gold, M. Financial Incentives: Current Realities and Challenges For Physicians. Journal of Internal Medicine, January 1999, 14 Sup., 1:S6-512. Goodroe, J.H., The Algebra of Managed Care. Creating Physician and Hospital Partnerships. Hospital Topics, 1994 Fall; 72(4): 14-18. Jost, T.S. Why cant we do what they do? National Health Reform Abroad. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Fall 2004: 433-440. Kaplan, G. & Lynch, J. Is Economic Policy Health Policy. American Journal of Public Health, March 2001: 91(3): 351-52. Kelly, W.P., Miller, H.C. & Parciak, T. the Need for Alternative to Capitation Under Managed Care, Managed Care Quarterly, 1994 Summer: 2(3): 35-7. Mann, C. & Westmoreland, T. Attending to Medicaid. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Fall 2004: 416-425. Martinez, B. With Medical Costs Climbing, Workers Are asked to Pay More, Wall Street Journal, June 16, 2003. Mather, D. Do Decisionmakers Really Need Health Economic Data. Value in Health, 6(4): 404-6, 2003 Jul-Aug. Miller, R.H. & Luft, H.S. Estimating Health Expenditure Growth Under Managed Competition. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1995 Feb. 22; 273(8): 656-62. Mitchell, P. Health Economics: the Cost of Ignorance. Health Service Journal, February 12, 1998, 108 (5991); sup. 18. Naish, J. Mixing Healthcare with Economics. Nursing Management, 1994 Oct; 1(6):3. Navarro, R.P. Providing Health Economic Data to Managed Care. Managed Care Interface, September 1998: 11(9): 62-3, 66. Rabiner, D.J. et Alice McDonnell, Dr. P.H. The Perceived Availability, Quality and Cost of Long Term Care Services in America, Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 1997, 9(3): 46-65. Reinhardt, U.E et al. U.S. Health Care spending in an International Context. Health Affairs, May/June 2004: 23(3): 10-25. Rice, Nigel & Smith, Peter C. Capitation and Risk Adjustment in Health Care. Health Care Management Science, 3(2000): 2: 73-75. Rubin, R.M. & Chang, C.F. A Bibliometric Analysis of Health Economics Articles in the Economics Literature: 1991-2000. Health Economics, 12(5): 403-14, 2003 May. Sheldon, Krimsky. Conflict of Interest and Cost Effectiveness Analysis. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999 Oct.; 282 (15): 1474-1476. Spicer, J. Professional Liability Insurance v. The Future of Medicine. Supplement to New Jersey Medicine, April 2002: 99(4): 41-46. Sprinkle, R.H. Remodeling Health Care. Journal of Health Politics Policy Law., 1994 Spring: 19(1): 45-68. Stone, P.W. et al; Evaluation of Studies of Health Economics. Evidence-Based Nursing, 5(4), 100-4, 2002 October. Teisberg, E.O., Porter, M.E. & Brown, G.B. Making Competition in Healthcare Work. Harvard Business Review, 1994 July/Aug.; 72(4): 131-41. Thomson, R.B., Competition Among Hospitals in the United States. Health Policy, 1994 Mar.; 27(3): 205-31. Udvarhely, I.S., Relman, A.S., Binder, G.M., Spence, R.K., Kennedy, E.M., Grossman, J.H., Termeer, H.A., Raines, L.J., Marincola, E., Pyle, T.., et al. Finding a Lasting Cure for U.S. Health Care. Harvard Business Review, 1994 Sept-Oct.; 72(5): 45-7, 50, 52 Passim. Vander Laan, B.F. et Alice McDonnell, Dr. P.H. Performance Under Capitation; Journal of Health Care Finance, Summer 1998, 24(4): 27-38. Vladeck, B.C. The Struggle for the Soul of Medicine. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Fall 2004, 410-415. White, J. Managing the Right Premium. Journal of Health Politics Policy Law, 1994 Spring; 19(1): 255-9. Wolman, D.M. & Miller, W. The consequences of uninsurance for individuals, families, communities and the nation. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Fall 2004: 397-403. APPENDIX A A. Introduction: A reaction-critique is a critical estimate of a written work and a personal reaction to this analysis. Experience in making critiques of written works is required for the following reasons: 1. Extensive critical reading helps the student achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the concepts included in the course. 2. Critical analysis of what is read aids one in becoming a more discerning consumer of the literature in the field. 3. Evaluations of what is read assist the student in the comprehension of the implications of the reading content of his particular course of interest and concerns. 4. The written critique helps the student develop the art of effective oral and written communication. B. General Requirements: Each student is required to review and present two (2) articles from professional journals. Each article should relate to the policy question which the student is addressing in his or her Health Policy Analysis Project and should be cited in the bibliography of the paper. C. Guidelines for Review Format: 1. All papers are to be typed and double spaced. The paper is to be clear and concise; does not contain errors in spelling, punctuation, or syntax. 2. All papers are to be submitted on time to meet specific due dates. 3. At the top of the first page, and on a 3x5 inch index card, the following information must be provided using the listed headings in sequence: a. Applicable General Topic: b. Title of Article: c. Authors Name: IMPORTANT d. Name of Journal: e. Date of Journal: You are required to submit f. Volume: a copy of the original article g. Number: with the reaction-critique h. Pages (on which article appears): i. Publisher of Journal: 4. Synopsis and Summary: 100-200 word description of the articles basic content. 5. General Theme: A brief statement about what you felt was the author's general theme of the article. 6. Point of View: A brief statement about what you felt concerning the author's point of view - Was the presentation objective and factual or was the presentation subjective and lacking of facts? Explain your opinion. 7. Issue Analysis: Provide a list of the issues presented in the article. 8. Conclusions and Recommendations: List of author's conclusions and/or recommendations. 9. Agreement or Disagreement: Based on the author's conclusions and/or recommendations, do you agree or disagree; provide a brief justification regarding your opinion concerning your agreements and disagreements. 10. Professional Projections: A 50-75 word statement on what you learned from the article and how you may apply this experience (negative or positive) in your professional future career. D. Guide to Grading of the Reaction-Critique: Critique will be graded on a competency basis as follows: a. Appropriate article (2 points) b. Identifying information on first page and 3x5 index card (3 pts.) c. Synopsis and Summary (10 points) d. General theme stated (1 point) e. Point of view stated (2 points) f. Issue analysis stated (2 points) g. Conclusions and recommendation stated (5 points) h. Agreement or disagreement stated (5 points) i. Professional projections stated (5 points) E. Penalties: Failure to submit reviews on specific due dates may result in the deduction of one full grade for each successive class period that the review is not submitted. Failure to submit one or more reviews may result in an incomplete given at the time of final grades. Special circumstances requiring an extension of the due dates will be handled on an individual basis via written justification explanation and/or request stating the particulars and forwarded to the instructor for approval and appropriate determination.     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